SOURCES

Follow the primary evidence.

The public source ledger for the current research snapshot.

Prepared and accessed 8 November 2026. The dates below identify publication dates where shown; undated pages are labelled. These links are informational references, not endorsements.

  • IEA01Global EV Outlook 2026: trends in electric cars

    International Energy Agency · 20 May 2026

    2025 observed sales and explicitly labelled 2026 estimates. Electric cars include BEVs and PHEVs; not all hybrids.

  • IEA02Global EV Outlook 2026: trends in other EV modes

    International Energy Agency · 20 May 2026

    Mode-specific sales evidence; do not treat trucks, buses, vans and two-wheelers as the same market.

  • IEA03Global EV Outlook 2026: executive summary

    International Energy Agency · 20 May 2026

    Forecasts are dated scenarios, not guaranteed outcomes. CC BY 4.0.

  • AU01Types of electric vehicles

    Australian Government / energy.gov.au · Undated; accessed 8 November 2026

    BEV, PHEV and HEV definitions; compare range using the same testing protocol.

  • US01Charging electric vehicles at home

    US Department of Energy / AFDC · Undated; accessed 8 November 2026

    Charging context and metered electricity costs. Local installation rules must be checked separately.

  • US02Where the energy goes: electric cars

    US DOE / EPA FuelEconomy.gov · Undated; accessed 8 November 2026

    Drive-cycle differences and charging losses; no single loss allowance applies to every vehicle.

  • US03Fuel economy in cold weather

    US DOE / EPA FuelEconomy.gov · Undated; accessed 8 November 2026

    Test-specific cold-weather effects. These are not a universal percentage adjustment.

  • AU02Electric vehicles and the environment

    Australian Government / energy.gov.au · Undated; accessed 8 November 2026

    Life-cycle boundaries and electricity sources matter; zero tailpipe is not zero life-cycle emissions.

  • VW01The Group Strategy

    Volkswagen Group · Undated; accessed 8 November 2026

    Company-stated strategy; an informational ecosystem reference, not an affiliation.

  • HY012026 CEO Investor Day roadmap

    Hyundai Motor Company · 26 August 2026

    Company targets include more than BEVs. Hyundai Motor Company is distinct from Kia and the wider Group.

  • GE042026 third quarterly financial results

    Geely Automobile Holdings Limited · 29 October 2026

    Listed-company scope; not consolidated Geely Holding accounts or pure BEV totals.

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